Anthrax (fly)

Anthrax
	Anthrax anthrax
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Bombyliidae
Tribe:	Anthracini
Genus:	Anthrax; Scopoli, 1763
Type species
	Musca anthrax; Schrank 1781
Synonyms
	Antrax Macquart, 1847; Anthax Scudder, 1882; Chalcamoeba Sack, 1909; Chrysamoeba Sack, 1909;

Anthrax is a genus of bombyliid flies, commonly known as "bee-flies" due to their resemblance to bees. Most are dull black flies, and are usually small to medium in size, 4–20 millimetres (0.2–0.8 in), and many species have striking wing patterns.^[5]

Anthrax is a very large genus. While worldwide in distribution, most species are from the Palaearctic and Afrotropic regions. The genus includes species parasitic on tiger beetles – an unusual trait among the bee-flies. A. anthrax larvae parasitize bees. Many North American species parasitize solitary wasps.^[6]^[7]

The type species is Musca morio Linnaeus, 1758, later found to be a misidentification of Musca anthrax Schrank, 1781.^[8]

Species

Early conception of the genus *Anthrax* sensu Meigen.Plate from Johann Wilhelm Meigen *Europäischen Zweiflügeligen*.The genus is now much more restricted Only one species depicted in this plate is still in *Anthrax*

Anthrax actuosus Paramonov, 1935^[9]
Anthrax alagoezicus Paramonov, 1935^[9]
Anthrax albofasciatus Macquart, 1840^[10]
Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry, 2013^[11]
Anthrax analis Say, 1823^[12]
Anthrax anthrax (Schrank, 1781)^[1]
Anthrax argentatus (Cole, 1919)
Anthrax artemesia Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax atriplex Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax aureosquamosus Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax bezzianus Paramonov, 1935^[9]
Anthrax binotatus Wiedemann in Meigen 1820^[15]
Anthrax bowdeni Báez, 1983
Anthrax cascadensis Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax cathetodaithmos Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax chaparralus Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax chionostigma Tsacas, 1962
Anthrax cintalapa Cole, 1957
Anthrax columbiensis Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax cybele (Coquillett, 1894)
Anthrax dentata Becker, 1907
Anthrax distigma Wiedemann, 1828
Anthrax francoisi Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999^[7]
Anthrax gideon Fabricius, 1805
Anthrax giselae François, 1966
Anthrax greatheadi El-Hawagry, 1998
Anthrax innublipennis Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax irroratus Say, 1823^[12]
Anthrax johanni Zaitzev, 1997
Anthrax koebelei Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax larrea Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax laticellus Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax melanopogon (Becker, 1892)
Anthrax moursyi El-Hawagry, 1998
Anthrax nidicola Cole, 1952
Anthrax nigriventris Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax nitidus Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax oedipus Fabricius, 1805
Anthrax painteri Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax pauper (Loew, 1869)^[16]
Anthrax pelopeius François, 1966
Anthrax picea Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax pilosulus Strobl, 1902
Anthrax plesius (Curran, 1927)
Anthrax pluricellus Williston, 1901
Anthrax pluto Wiedemann, 1828^[17]
Anthrax punctulatus Macquart, 1835
Anthrax seriepunctatus (Osten Sacken, 1886)^[18]
Anthrax slossonae (Johnson, 1913)
Anthrax snowi Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax stellans (Loew, 1869)^[16]
Anthrax sticticus Klug, 1832
Anthrax striatipennis Marston, 1970^[14]
Anthrax trifasciatus Meigen, 1804
Anthrax vallicola Marston, 1963^[13]
Anthrax varius Fabricius, 1794
Anthrax virgo Egger, 1859
Anthrax zohrayensis El-Hawagry, 2002
Anthrax zonabriphagus (Portchinsky, 1895

References

^ ^a ^b Schrank, F. von Paula (1781). Envmeratio insectorvm Avstriae indigenorum. Augustae Vindelicorum [=Augsburg]: Eberhardi Klett et Franck. pp. xxiv + 548 + [4] pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 104 pp, 6 pls.
^ Scudder, S. H. (1882). "Nomenclator zoologicus. Part 1. Supplemental list of genera in zoology". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 19 (1): xxi + 367. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b Sack, P. (1909). "Die palaearktischen Spongostylinen". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 30: 501–548. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
^ F. M. Hull (1973). Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1–687. ISBN 0-87474-131-9.
^ ^a ^b Eaton, Eric R.; Kaufman, Kenn (2007). Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America. Houghton Mifflin. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-618-15310-7.
^ ^a ^b Evenhuis, N.L.; Greathead, D.J (1999). World catalog of the bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. pp. xlviii + 756 pp. ISBN 90-5782-039-0. OCLC 248444103. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ Magdi S. El-Hawagry; Aly A. El-Moursy; Francis Gilbert; Samy Zalat (2000). "The tribe Anthracini Latreille (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Egypt" (PDF). Egyptian Journal of Biology. 2: 97–117.
^ ^a ^b ^c Paramonov, S.J. (1935). "Beiträge zur Monographie der Gattung Anthrax (Bombyliidae) [I]". Zbirnik Prats Zoologichnogo Muzeyu Ukrain'ska Akademya Nauk. 16: 3–31.
^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1840). Diptères exotiques nouveauxou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--1er partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 135 pp., 21 pls.
^ El-Hawagry; Khalil; Sharaf; Fadl; Aldawood (2013). "A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species". ZooKeys (274): 1–88. doi:10.3897/zookeys.274.4529. PMC 3677392. PMID 23794807.
^ ^a ^b Say, Thomas (1823). "Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3: 73–104. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Marston, N.L. (1963). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). Technical Bulletin, Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station. 127: 1–79. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus group" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 43: 1–148. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
^ Meigen, J.W. (1820). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava". Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 13: 1–52. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
^ Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
^ Osten Sacken, C.R. (1886). "Diptera [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana". Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. 1: 105–128.

[Schrank1781-1] Schrank, F. von Paula (1781). Envmeratio insectorvm Avstriae indigenorum. Augustae Vindelicorum [=Augsburg]: Eberhardi Klett et Franck. pp. xxiv + 548 + [4] pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 27 April 2021.

[Macquart1847-2] Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 104 pp, 6 pls.

[Scudder1882-3] Scudder, S. H. (1882). "Nomenclator zoologicus. Part 1. Supplemental list of genera in zoology". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 19 (1): xxi + 367. Retrieved 15 June 2017.

[Sack1909-4] Sack, P. (1909). "Die palaearktischen Spongostylinen". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 30: 501–548. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

[Hull-5] F. M. Hull (1973). Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1–687. ISBN 0-87474-131-9.

[E&K-6] Eaton, Eric R.; Kaufman, Kenn (2007). Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America. Houghton Mifflin. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-618-15310-7.

[EvenhuisGreathead1999-7] Evenhuis, N.L.; Greathead, D.J (1999). World catalog of the bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. pp. xlviii + 756 pp. ISBN 90-5782-039-0. OCLC 248444103. Retrieved 10 July 2022.

[8] Magdi S. El-Hawagry; Aly A. El-Moursy; Francis Gilbert; Samy Zalat (2000). "The tribe Anthracini Latreille (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Egypt" (PDF). Egyptian Journal of Biology. 2: 97–117.

[Paramonov1935-9] Paramonov, S.J. (1935). "Beiträge zur Monographie der Gattung Anthrax (Bombyliidae) [I]". Zbirnik Prats Zoologichnogo Muzeyu Ukrain'ska Akademya Nauk. 16: 3–31.

[Macquart1840-10] Macquart, P.J.M. (1840). Diptères exotiques nouveauxou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--1er partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 135 pp., 21 pls.

[11] El-Hawagry; Khalil; Sharaf; Fadl; Aldawood (2013). "A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species". ZooKeys (274): 1–88. doi:10.3897/zookeys.274.4529. PMC 3677392. PMID 23794807.

[Say1823b-12] Say, Thomas (1823). "Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3: 73–104. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

[Marston1963-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Marston, N.L. (1963). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). Technical Bulletin, Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station. 127: 1–79. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

[Marston1970-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus group" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 43: 1–148. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

[Meigen1820-15] Meigen, J.W. (1820). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

[Loew1869-16] Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava". Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 13: 1–52. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

[Wiedemann1828-17] Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.

[Osten_Sacken1886-18] Osten Sacken, C.R. (1886). "Diptera [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana". Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. 1: 105–128.

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